Transformer

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Here I explained the basic information about transformer, what is transformer, how it works, it's basic equation etc.

The Transformer :

➤Introduction of Transformer :

Transformer is an electrical machines it is use to step up and step down voltage level at same frequency for different purpose in Electrical system. Transformer is come under static solid state device category because it not has any rotating part. In Electrical system transformer is a most useful machine, without transformer we can not imagination electrical system. Transformers rating is in KvA.

➤Why transformer is required in power system

In power generating system, power is generated at 11kv but for transmission it need to convert at high voltage ( 220Kv, 400Kv, 756Kv ) to reduce transmission loss. to complet this task step up transformer is used. at the end of transmission, need to reduce voltage level which done by step down transformer.

After completing transmission distribution is done there also transformer is required for same step up and step down purpose.

➤Principle & Definition of Transformer :

Working principle : it works on electromagnetic induction.

Definition :

" Transformer is a device which is used to convert voltage level ( step up, step down ) without change in  frequency".

➤Working of Transformer :

There are two windings and one core in transformer, one is primary winding and another is secondary winding, the windings is wound on two limbs of the core.

the input is given to the primary winding and we get output from secondary winding.

When voltage is introduced in primary winding, due to Alternating current in primary winding varying magnetic flux is produce in the core ( it magnetized the iron core ) due to that the emf ( electromotive force ) is produced in secondary winding. The change of voltage between the primary and secondary depends on the turns ratio of the two coils or winding.

➤Usefull equations :

Voltage in primary winding
         Vp =  - Np d∅ / dt
Voltage in secondary winding
         Vs =  -  Ns d∅ / dt

Turns ratio is given by

 Vp     Np     Is
 ᅳ  =  ᅳ  =  ᅳ  =  a
 Vs     Ns      Ip
           

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