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DC Motor


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Introduction :
Motor is a Electrical machine which convert electrical power to machenical power, An electro-mechanical energy conversion device that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a DC motor. DC motor use direct current for operation it not works on AC supply.
Electric motors are used for driving industrial machines, e.g., hammers, presses, drilling machines, lathes, rollers in paper and steel industry, blowers for furnaces, etc., and domestic appliances, e.g., refrigerators, fans, water pumps, toys, mixers, etc. The block diagram of energy conversion, when the electro-mechanical device works as a motor, is shown in Fig.
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DC motor, motor,

Working principle :
It works on principle that when current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field it experience a rotating force on it. Direction of this rotating force determine by Fleming's left hand rule.
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Motor, dc motor

Construction and working :
DC motor has same construction like DC Generator, It have a two main part stator and rotor, stator consists of a frame and poles, core of these poles are made of from silicon steel on which insulated copper wire is wound to make windings which supply by DC source, these pols are bolted and fix inside the frame, when DC current is pass through the windings it creates static magnetic field. poles produced a static magnetic field in side the stator where rotating part of machine called rotor is placed which carrying a armature conductor, rotor made by number of stampings of highly permeable material that is silicon steel which allows magnetic field to pass through it easily. Slots are cut outer on the outer periphery of armature to received coils of copper conductor, each coil gets connected to external DC source by pair of commutator segments arranged in form of ring, this complete assembly is housed over a cylindrical shaft made up of high quality steel.
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DC motor, rotor, stator

When electric current is force to  pass through the rotor conductor by set of carbon brushes through commutator segment it create an magnetic field which try to disturbed the magnetic field created by field poles .

Due to attraction between field electromagnetic force act on the rotor conductor and These forces act on tensile on rotor surface, the torque is produced on rotor shaft and rotor is rotates
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Types and application of dc motor :
In market different Types of motor is available, The dc motor is classified in three types  according to its field winding connection
(1) DC series motor
(2) DC shunt motor
(3) DC compound motor
(4) Brushless DC motor
(5) Spretly exited DC motor
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Application of dc motor :

Applications :

(1) DC series motor
This motor used Where
➤ high starting torque is required
➤ large variation in speed is required
➤ fixed and variable both type of speed is
     required
Example :
Traction system, cranes,  Air compressor, vaccum cleaner, Sewing machine, Elevators, lifts, hair dryer,

(2) DC shunt motor
➤ Where constant speed is required
Example :
Lathe machine, Centrifugal pumps, Fan, Blowers, Conveyors, Weaving machine, washer, Wipers, Drills, Lifts, Boring mills, Shapers, Spinning machine etc.
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(3) DC compound motor
➤ This is used Where High starting torque         required with constant speed
Example :
Presses, Electric shovels, Reciprocating machine, Conveyors, Stamping machine, Elevators, Hoist, Rolling mills, etc.

(4) Brushless DC motor
➤This is used where needs high efficiency, high speed, and good electronic controll.
Example
Disc drive, Printer, Consumer electronic, Transport, Heating & ventilation, Gram phone recorder, small cooling fan, etc.

(5) Separately excited DC motor
➤ This motor is use where no any speed
     change is required (fixed speed).
Example :
Windshield wiper, Washer, automobiles as a starter motor, Blowers in heaters and air conditioners, computer disc drives, Wheelchairs, Toys, Small fractional and sub fractional KW motors.
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